Presidential operational codes and foreign policy conflicts in the post-cold war world
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-1999
Abstract
The authors investigate the linkage between presidential operational codes and the management of foreign policy conflicts during the period of strategic adjustment in American foreign policy following the cold war. Beliefs expressed in public speeches by Presidents George Bush and Bill Clinton are coded for self and other attributions that represent different forms of the exercise of political power. Bush's beliefs reveal a less cooperative, relatively inflexible approach to conflict management in the foreign policy domain, whereas Clinton's beliefs indicate a more flexible and cooperative approach. Their orientations interacted with contextual variables and the opponents' behavior to shape the selection of U.S. behavior in four post-cold war conflicts: Panama, Haiti, the Persian Gulf, and Bosnia. A favorable power position and the absence of vital or strategic U.S. interests enhanced the effect of presidential operational codes.
Publication Source (Journal or Book title)
Journal of Conflict Resolution
First Page
610
Last Page
625
Recommended Citation
Walker, S., Schafer, M., & Young, M. (1999). Presidential operational codes and foreign policy conflicts in the post-cold war world. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 43 (5), 610-625. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002799043005004