Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-1-2011

Abstract

Recent advances in radiotherapy have enabled the use of different types of particles, such as protons and heavy ions, as well as refinements to the treatment of tumours with standard sources (photons). However, the risk of second cancers arising in long-term survivors continues to be a problem. The long-term risks from treatments such as particle therapy have not yet been determined and are unlikely to become apparent for many years. Therefore, there is a need to develop risk assessments based on our current knowledge of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

Publication Source (Journal or Book title)

Nature Reviews Cancer

First Page

438

Last Page

448

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