Johanna Teske, Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA; Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
Sharon Xuesong Wang, Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China; Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
Angie Wolfgang, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA; 5Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Tianjun Gan, Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
Mykhaylo Plotnykov6, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
David J. Armstrong, Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
R. Paul Butler, Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
Bryson Cale, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, VA 2203
Jeffrey D. Crane, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
Ward Howard, 0Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA
Eric L. N. Jensen, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore PA 19081, USA
Nicholas Law, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA
Stephen A. Shectman, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
Peter Plavchan
Diana Valencia, Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canad; Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
Andrew Vanderburg, 4Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
George R. Ricker, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Roland Vanderspek, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
David W. Latham, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Sara Seager, Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; 9Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Joshua N. Winn, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Jon M. Jenkins, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
Vardan Adibekyan, Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
David Barrado, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, CSIC-INTA), Depto. de Astrofísica, ESAC campus 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), Spain
Susana C. C. Barros, Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Oukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
David J. A. Brown, Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Edward M. Bryant, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
Jennifer Burt, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
Douglas A. Caldwell, Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA, United States; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
David Charbonneau, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Ryan Cloutier, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Karen A. Collins, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Kevin I. Collins, 8George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030 USA
Knicole D. Colon, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory (Code 667), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Dennis M. Conti, American Association of Variable Star Observers, 49 Bay State Road, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Olivier D. S. Demangeon, Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Jason D. Eastman, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Mohammed Elmufti, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030
Fabo Feng, Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
Erin Flowers, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Natalia M. Guerrero, Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Saeed Hojjatpanah, Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Jonathan M. Irwin, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Giovanni Isopi, Campo Catino Astronomical Observatory, Regione Lazio, Guarcino (FR), 03010 Italy
Jorge Lillo-Box, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, CSIC-INTA), Depto. de Astrofísica, ESAC campus 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), Spain
Franco Mallia, Campo Catino Astronomical Observatory, Regione Lazio, Guarcino (FR), 03010 Italy
Bob Massey, Villa ’39 Observatory, Landers, CA 92285, USA
Mayuko Mori, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunky¯o, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
Susan E. Mullally, Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Norio Narita, Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; JST, PRESTO, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Astrobiology Center, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Taku Nishiumi, Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduated University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan;Astrobiology Center, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
Ares Osborn, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
Martin Paegert, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Jerome Pitogo de Leon, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunky¯o, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
Samuel N. Quinn, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Michael Reefe, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, VA 2203
Richard P. Schwarz, Patashnick Voorheesville Observatory, Voorheesville, NY 12186, USA
Avi Shporer, Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Abderahmane Soubkiou, Oukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
Sérgio G. Sousa, Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
Chris Stockdale, Hazelwood Observatory, Australia
Paul A. Strøm, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
Thiam-Guan Tan, Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope, Perth, Western Australia
Jiaxin Tang, Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
Peter Tenenbaum, Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA, United States; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Peter J. Wheatley, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; ; Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
Justin Wittrock, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, VA 2203
Daniel A. Yahalomi, Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, 550 W 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Farzaneh Zohrabi45, 5LSU Department of Physics & Astronomy, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803

Author ORCID Identifier

Collins, Kevin: 0000-0003-2781-3207
Wittrock, Justin: 0000-0002-7424-9891
Benkhaldoun, Zouhair: 0000-0001-6285-9847
Reefe, Michael: 0000-0003-4701-8497

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2021

Abstract

Kepler revealed that roughly one-third of Sunlike stars host planets orbiting within 100 days and between the size of Earth and Neptune. How do these planets form, what are they made of, and do they represent a continuous population or multiple populations? To help address these questions, we began the Magellan-TESS Survey (MTS), which uses Magellan II/PFS to obtain radial velocity (RV) masses of 30 TESS-detected exoplanets and develops an analysis framework that connects observed planet distributions to underlying populations. In the past, small-planet RV measurements have been challenging to obtain due to host star faintness and low RV semiamplitudes and challenging to interpret due to the potential biases in target selection and observation planning decisions. The MTS attempts to minimize these biases by focusing on bright TESS targets and employing a quantitative selection function and observing strategy. In this paper, we (1) describe our motivation and survey strategy, (2) present our first catalog of planet density constraints for 27 TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs; 22 in our population analysis sample, 12 that are members of the same systems), and (3) employ a hierarchical Bayesian model to produce preliminary constraints on the mass-radius (M-R) relation. We find that the biases causing previous M-R relations to predict fairly high masses at 1 R (circle plus) have been reduced. This work can inform more detailed studies of individual systems and offer a framework that can be applied to future RV surveys with the goal of population inferences.

Publication Source (Journal or Book title)

Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

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