LIGO detector characterization in the second and third observing runs

Authors

D. Davis, California Institute of Technology
J. S. Areeda, California State University, Fullerton
B. K. Berger, Stanford University
R. Bruntz, Christopher Newport University
A. Effler, LIGO Livingston
R. C. Essick, The University of Chicago
R. P. Fisher, Christopher Newport University
P. Godwin, Pennsylvania State University
E. Goetz, The University of British Columbia
A. F. Helmling-Cornell, University of Oregon
B. Hughey, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott
E. Katsavounidis, LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
A. P. Lundgren, University of Portsmouth
D. M. Macleod, Cardiff University
Z. Márka, Columbia University
T. J. Massinger, LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
A. Matas, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)
J. McIver, The University of British Columbia
G. Mo, LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
K. Mogushi, Missouri University of Science and Technology
P. Nguyen, University of Oregon
L. K. Nuttall, University of Portsmouth
R. M.S. Schofield, University of Oregon
D. H. Shoemaker, LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
S. Soni, Louisiana State University
A. L. Stuver, Villanova University
A. L. Urban, Louisiana State University
G. Valdes, Louisiana State University
M. Walker, Christopher Newport University
R. Abbott, California Institute of Technology
C. Adams, LIGO Livingston
R. X. Adhikari, California Institute of Technology
A. Ananyeva, California Institute of Technology
S. Appert, California Institute of Technology
K. Arai, California Institute of Technology
Y. Asali, Columbia University
S. M. Aston, LIGO Livingston Observatory
C. Austin, Louisiana State University at Baton Rouge
A. M. Baer, Christopher Newport University
M. Ball, University of Oregon
S. W. Ballmer, Syracuse University
S. Banagiri, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis
D. Barker, LIGO Hanford Observatory
C. Barschaw, University of Washington Bothell
L. Barsotti, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
J. Bartlett, LIGO Hanford Observatory
J. Betzwieser, LIGO Livingston Observatory
R. Beda, University of British Columbia
D. Bhattacharjee, Missouri University of Science and Technology
J. Bidler, California State University Fullerton
G. Billingsley, California Institute of Technology
S. Biscans, California Institute of Technology
J. Bidler, California State University
G. Billingsley, California Institute of Technology
S. Biscans, California Institute of Technology
C. D. Blair, LIGO Livingston Observatory
R. M. Blair, LIGO Hanford Observatory
N. Bode, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
P. Booker, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
R. Bork, California Institute of Technology
A. Bramley, LIGO Livingston Observatory
A. F. Brooks, California Institute of Technology
D. D. Brown, University of Adelaide
A. Buikema, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
C. Cahillane, California Institute of Technology
T. A. Callister, Stony Brook University
G. Caneva Santoro, Universita di Roma
K. C. Cannon, University of Tokyo
J. Carlin, University of Melbourne
K. Chandra, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
X. Chen, University of Western Australia
N. Christensen, Carleton College
A. A. Ciobanu, University of Adelaide
F. Clara, LIGO Hanford Observatory
C. M. Compton, LIGO Hanford Observatory
S. J. Cooper, University of Birmingham
K. R. Corley, Columbia University
M. W. Coughlin, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis
S. T. Countryman, Columbia University
P. B. Covas, Universitat de Les Illes Balears
D. C. Coyne, California Institute of Technology
S. G. Crowder, Bellevue College
T. Dal Canton, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
B. Danila, University of Szeged
L. E. H. Datrier, University of Glasgow
G. S. Davies, University of Portsmouth
T. Dent, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
N. A. Didio, Syracuse University
C. Di Fronzo, University of Birmingham
K. L. Dooley, Cardiff University
J. C. Driggers, LIGO Hanford University
P. Dupej, University of Glasgow
S. E. Dwyer, LIGO Hanford Observatory
T. Etzel, California Institute of Technology
M. Evans, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
T. M. Evans, LIGO Livingston Observatory
S. Fairhurst, Cardiff University
J. Feicht, California Institute of Technology
A. Fernandez-Galiana, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
R. Frey, University of Oregon
P. Fritschel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
V. V. Frolov, LIGO Livingston Observatory
P. Fulda, University of Florida
M. Fyffe, LIGO Livingston Observatory
B. U. Gadre, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
J. A. Giaime, LIGO Livingston Observatory
K. D. Giardina, LIGO Livingston Observatory
G. Gonzalez, Louisiana State University at Baton Rouge
S. Gras, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
C. Gray, LIGO Hanford Observatory
A. C. Green, University of Florida
A. Gupta, California Institute of Technology
E. K. Gustafson, California Institute of Technology
R. Gustafson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
J. Hanks, LIGO Hanford Observatory
J. Hanson, LIGO Livingston Observatory
T. Hardwick, Louisiana State University at Baton Rouge
I. W. Harry, University of Portsmouth
R. K. Hasskew, LIGO Livingston Observatory
M. C. Heintze, LIGO Livingston Observatory
J. Heinzel, Carleton College
N. A. Holland, Australian National University
I. J. Hollows, The University of Sheffield
C. G. Hoy, Cardiff University
S. Hughey, University of Washington Bothell
S. P. Jadhav, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
K. Janssens, Universiteit Antwerpen
G. Johns, Christopher Newport University
J. D. Jones, LIGO Hanford Observatory
S. Kandhasamy, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
S. Karki, University of Oregon
M. Kasprzak, California Institute of Technology
K. Kawabe, LIGO Hanford Observatory
D. Keitel, Universitat de Les Illes Balears
N. Kijbuchoo, Australian National University
Y. M. Kim, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
P. J. King, LIGO Hanford Observatory
J. S. Kissel, LIGO Hanford Observatory
S. Kulkarni, The University of Mississippi
R. Kumar, LIGO Hanford Observatory
M. Landry, LIGO Hanford Observatory
B. B. Lane, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
B. Lantz, Stanford University
M. Laxen, LIGO Livingston Observatory
Y. K. Lecoeuche, LIGO Hanford Observatory
J. Leviton, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
J. Liu, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
M. Lormand, LIGO Livingston Observatory
R. Macas, Cardiff University
A. Macedo, California State University Fullerton
M. MacInnis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
V. Mandic, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis
G. L. Mansell, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
S. Marka, Columbia University
B. Martinez, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
K. Martinovic, King's College London
D. V. Martynov, University of Birmingham
K. Mason, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
F. Matichard, California Institute of Technology
N. Mavalvala, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
R. McCarthy, LIGO Hanford Observatory
D. E. McClelland, Australian National University
S. McCormick, LIGO Livingston Observatory
L. McCuller, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
C. McIsaac, University of Portsmouth
T. McRae, Australian National University
G. Mendell, LIGO Hanford Observatory
K. Merfeld, University of Oregon
E. L. Merilh, LIGO Hanford Observatory
P. M. Meyers, University of Melbourne
F. Meylahn, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
I. Michaloliakos, University of Florida
H. Middleton, University of Melbourne
J. C. Mills, Cardiff University
T. Mistry, University of Sheffield
R. Mittleman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
G. Moreno, LIGO Hanford Observatory
C. M. Mow- Lowry, University of Birmingham
S. Mozzon, University of Portsmouth
L. Mueller, Carleton College
N. Mukund, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
A. Mullavey, LIGO Livingston Observatory
J. Muth, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
T. J. N. Nelson, LIGO Livingston Observatory
A. Neunzert, University of Washington Bothell
S. Nichols, Louisiana State University at Baton Rouge
E. Nitoglia, Universita di Roma
J. Oberling, LIGO Hanford Observatory
J. J. Oh, National Institute of Mathematical Sciences
S. H. Oh, National Institute of Mathematical Sciences
R. J. Oram, LIGO Livingston Observatory
R. G. Ormiston, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis
N. Ormsby, Christopher Newport University
C. Osthelder, California Institute of Technology
D. J. Ottaway, University of Adelaide
H. Overmier, LIGO Livingston Observatory
A. Pai, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
J. R. Palamos, University of Oregon
F. Pannarale, Universita di Roma
W. Parker, LIGO Livingston Observatory
O. Patane, California State University Fullerton
M. Patel, Christopher Newport University
E. Payne, School of Physics & Astronomy
A. Pele, LIGO Livingston Observatory
R. Penhorwood, Leibniz Universitat Hannover
C. J. Perez, LIGO Hanford Observatory
K. S. Phukon, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
M. Pillas, Universit´e Paris-Saclay
M. Pirello, LIGO Hanford Observatory
H. Radkins, LIGO Hanford Observatory
K. E. Ramirez, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
J. W. Richardson, California Institute of Technology
K. Riles, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
K. Rink, University of British Columbia
N. A. Robertson, California Institute of Technology
J. G. Rollins, California Institute of Technology
C. L. Romel, LIGO Hanford Observatory
J. H. Romie, LIGO Livingston Observatory
M. P. Ross, University of Washington - Seattle Campus
K. Ryan, LIGO Hanford Observatory
T. Sadecki, LIGO Hanford Observatory
M. Sakellariadou, King's College London
E. J. Sanchez, California Institute of Technology
L. E. Sanchez, California Institute of Technology
L. Sandles, Cardiff University
T. R. Saravanan, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
R. L. Savage, LIGO Hanford Observatory
D. Schaetzl, California Institute of Technology
R. Schnabel, Universitat Hamburg
E. Schwartz, LIGO Livingston Observatory
D. Sellers, LIGO Livingston Observatory
T. Shaffer, LIGO Hanford Observatory
D. Sigg, LIGO Hanford Observatory
A. M. Sintes, Universitat de Les Illes Balears
B. J. J. Slagmolen, Australian National University
J. R. Smith, California State University Fullerton
K. Soni, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
B. Sorazu, University of Glasgow
A. P. Spencer, University of Glasgow
K. A. Strain, University of Glasgow
D. Strom, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
L. Sun, California Institute of Technology
M. J. Szczepanczyk, University of Florida
J. Tasson, Carleton College
R. Tenorio, Universitat de Les Illes Balears
M. Thomas, LIGO Livingston Observatory
P. Thomas, LIGO Hanford Observatory
K. A. Thorne, LIGO Livingston Observatory
K. Toland, University of Glasgow
C. I. Torrie, California Institute of Technology
A. Tran, Bellevue College
G. Traylor, LIGO Livingston Observatory
M. Trevor, University of Maryland at College Park
M. Tse, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
G. Vajente, California Institute of Technology
N. van Remortel, Universiteit Antwerpen
D. C. Vander-Hyde, Syracuse University
A. Vargas, University of Melbourne
J. Veitch, University of Glasgow
P. J. Veitch, University of Adelaide
K. Venkateswara, University of Washington - Seattle Campus
G. Venugopalan, California Institute of Technology
A. D. Viets, Concordia University - Wisconsin
V. Villa-Ortega, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
T. Vo, Syracuse University
C. Vorvick, LIGO Hanford Observatory
M. Wade, Kenyon College
G. S. Wallace, University of Strathclyde
R. L. Ward, Australian National University
J. Warner, LIGO Hanford Observatory
B. Weaver, LIGO Hanford Observatory
A. J. Weinstein, California Institute of Technology
R. Weiss, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
K. Wette, Australian National University
D. D. White, California State University Fullerton
L. V. White, Syracuse University
C. Whittle, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
A. R. Williamson, University of Portsmouth
B. Willke, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
C. C. Wipf, California Institute of Technology
L. Xiao, California Institute of Technology
R. Xu, Bellevue College
H. Yamamoto, California Institute of Technology
H. Yu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
H. Yu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
L. Zhang, California Institute of Technology
Y. Zheng, Missouri University of Science and Technology
M. E. Zucker, California Institute of Technology
J. Zweizig, California Institute of Technology

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

7-1-2021

Abstract

The characterization of the Advanced LIGO detectors in the second and third observing runs has increased the sensitivity of the instruments, allowing for a higher number of detectable gravitational-wave signals, and provided confirmation of all observed gravitational-wave events. In this work, we present the methods used to characterize the LIGO detectors and curate the publicly available datasets, including the LIGO strain data and data quality products. We describe the essential role of these datasets in LIGO–Virgo Collaboration analyses of gravitational-waves from both transient and persistent sources and include details on the provenance of these datasets in order to support analyses of LIGO data by the broader community. Finally, we explain anticipated changes in the role of detector characterization and current efforts to prepare for the high rate of gravitational-wave alerts and events in future observing runs.

Publication Source (Journal or Book title)

Classical and Quantum Gravity

Recommended Citation

Davis, D., Areeda, J., Berger, B., Bruntz, R., Effler, A., Essick, R., Fisher, R., Godwin, P., Goetz, E., Helmling-Cornell, A., Hughey, B., Katsavounidis, E., Lundgren, A., Macleod, D., Márka, Z., Massinger, T., Matas, A., McIver, J., Mo, G., Mogushi, K., Nguyen, P., Nuttall, L., Schofield, R., Shoemaker, D., Soni, S., Stuver, A., Urban, A., Valdes, G., Walker, M., Abbott, R., Adams, C., Adhikari, R., Ananyeva, A., Appert, S., Arai, K., Asali, Y., Aston, S. M., Austin, C., Baer, A. M., Ball, M., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barker, D., Barschaw, C., Barsotti, L., Bartlett, J., Betzwieser, J., Beda, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bidler, J., Billingsley, G., Biscans, S., Bidler, J., Billingsley, G., Biscans, S., Blair, C. D., Blair, R. M., Bode, N., Booker, P., Bork, R., Bramley, A., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Buikema, A., Cahillane, C., Callister, T. A., Caneva Santoro, G., Cannon, K. C., Carlin, J., Chandra, K., Chen, X., Christensen, N., Ciobanu, A. A., Clara, F., Compton, C. M., Cooper, S. J., Corley, K. R., Coughlin, M. W., Countryman, S. T., Covas, P. B., Coyne, D. C., Crowder, S. G., Dal Canton, T., Danila, B., Datrier, L. E., Davies, G. S., Dent, T., Didio, N. A., Di Fronzo, C., Dooley, K. L., Driggers, J. C., Dupej, P., Dwyer, S. E., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Fairhurst, S., Feicht, J., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Frey, R., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gadre, B. U., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gonzalez, G., Gras, S., Gray, C., Green, A. C., Gupta, A., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Hanks, J., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Harry, I. W., Hasskew, R. K., Heintze, M. C., Heinzel, J., Holland, N. A., Hollows, I. J., Hoy, C. G., Hughey, S., Jadhav, S. P., Janssens, K., Johns, G., Jones, J. D., Kandhasamy, S., Karki, S., Kasprzak, M., Kawabe, K., Keitel, D., Kijbuchoo, N., Kim, Y. M., King, P. J., Kissel, J. S., Kulkarni, S., Kumar, R., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lantz, B., Laxen, M., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Leviton, J., Liu, J., Lormand, M., Macas, R., Macedo, A., MacInnis, M., Mandic, V., Mansell, G. L., Marka, S., Martinez, B., Martinovic, K., Martynov, D. V., Mason, K., Matichard, F., Mavalvala, N., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McIsaac, C., McRae, T., Mendell, G., Merfeld, K., Merilh, E. L., Meyers, P. M., Meylahn, F., Michaloliakos, I., Middleton, H., Mills, J. C., Mistry, T., Mittleman, R., Moreno, G., Mow- Lowry, C. M., Mozzon, S., Mueller, L., Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Muth, J., Nelson, T. N., Neunzert, A., Nichols, S., Nitoglia, E., Oberling, J., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Oram, R. J., Ormiston, R. G., Ormsby, N., Osthelder, C., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Pai, A., Palamos, J. R., Pannarale, F., Parker, W., Patane, O., Patel, M., Payne, E., Pele, A., Penhorwood, R., Perez, C. J., Phukon, K. S., Pillas, M., Pirello, M., Radkins, H., Ramirez, K. E., Richardson, J. W., Riles, K., Rink, K., Robertson, N. A., Rollins, J. G., Romel, C. L., Romie, J. H., Ross, M. P., Ryan, K., Sadecki, T., Sakellariadou, M., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, L. E., Sandles, L., Saravanan, T. R., Savage, R. L., Schaetzl, D., Schnabel, R., Schwartz, E., Sellers, D., Shaffer, T., Sigg, D., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J., Smith, J. R., Soni, K., Sorazu, B., Spencer, A. P., Strain, K. A., Strom, D., Sun, L., Szczepanczyk, M. J., Tasson, J., Tenorio, R., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Toland, K., Torrie, C. I., Tran, A., Traylor, G., Trevor, M., Tse, M., Vajente, G., van Remortel, N., Vander-Hyde, D. C., Vargas, A., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Venugopalan, G., Viets, A. D., Villa-Ortega, V., Vo, T., Vorvick, C., Wade, M., Wallace, G. S., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Weaver, B., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wette, K., White, D. D., White, L. V., Whittle, C., Williamson, A. R., Willke, B., Wipf, C. C., Xiao, L., Xu, R., Yamamoto, H., Yu, H., Yu, H., Zhang, L., Zheng, Y., Zucker, M. E., & Zweizig, J. (2021). LIGO detector characterization in the second and third observing runs. Classical and Quantum Gravity, 38 (13) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/abfd85