Semester of Graduation

Fall 2025

Degree

Master of Science (MS)

Department

Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

Document Type

Thesis

Abstract

Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) is an emerging solid state additive manufacturing (AM) technique that offers many advantages over conventional fusion-based methods such as laser powder bed fusion and direct energy deposition. Since the material does not melt in AFSD, solidification related defects such as hot cracking, porosity, and residual stresses do not generally present in this process. Therefore, AFSD enables processing of materials that are considered non-weldable or highly challenging to process using fusion-based AM. Despite these advantages, research on AFSD is still relatively limited and successful deposition of high-strength and precipitation-hardened aluminum alloys such as Al 7075 is challenging. In the present study, a set of processing parameters for the AFSD of Al 7075 was introduced to fabricate defect-free parts. The as-deposited samples were then characterized to evaluate their microstructure, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties. The results indicated that the hardness and tensile strength significantly dropped from 176.5 HV and 551.6 MPa to 80.4 HV and 311.7 MPa, respectively after the process. In contrast, the electrical conductivity improved by approximately 19.5% compared to the feedstock. Microstructural investigation revealed that although the grains were significantly refined during AFSD due to the severe plastic deformation, the strengthening precipitates were larger and non-uniformly distributed which led to the reduction in the strength and hardness and enhancement in the conductivity. To adjust the microstructure and recover the mechanical properties, T73 heat treatment was performed to the as-deposited Al 7075 specimens. The thermal treatment dissolved the coarse precipitates back into the matrix and led to the nucleation of fine, uniformly distributed secondary phases during artificial aging. As a result, the mechanical performance significantly recovered: hardness improved by 101.5% % and tensile strength increased by 49.1% relative to the as-deposited part. Additionally, the conductivity decreased by 6.8%. These changes indicated that heat treatment was essential for optimizing the performance of the Al 7075 parts prepared by AFSD. Overall, this study demonstrates successful application of AFSD to fabricate high strength Al alloys and establishes the process–microstructure–property relationships.

Date

11-24-2025

Committee Chair

Shengmin Guo

Revised Master Thesis_Ehsan Bagheri.pdf (2667 kB)
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Available for download on Tuesday, November 24, 2026

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