Degree
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Document Type
Dissertation
Abstract
This study presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of four safety training modalities for confined-space safety within the construction industry. The research evaluates traditional in-person training (IPO), online e-learning training (OLO), in-person training supplemented with virtual reality (IPVR), and online training augmented with virtual reality (OLVR). A true experimental, randomized pre-test/post-test design was employed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to measure differences in learning outcomes using eighty participants (N = 80), assigned to IPO (n = 19), OLO (n = 23), IPVR (n = 20), and OLVR (n = 18). Each participant completed a modality-specific confined space safety course, and their knowledge was evaluated before and after training to assess retention and instructional effectiveness.
Based on adult learning and experiential learning theories, the study examined how instructional design and technology integration influence learner engagement and knowledge acquisition. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the four modalities. With a maximum score of 26 on the post-test assessment, the IPVR group achieved the highest adjusted post-test mean score (M = 24.30), followed closely by IPO (M = 24.21). In contrast, OLO (M = 22.43) and OLVR (M = 22.39) produced lower results. These findings indicate that combining direct instructor engagement with immersive simulation, such as virtual reality, makes the most effective learning outcomes for confined space safety training.
The results reinforce Kolb’s (2014) experiential learning model and Knowles’ (1971) andragogical principles, demonstrating that adult learners benefit most when instruction is interactive, relevant, and experience-based. The study provides evidence-based guidance for safety professionals, trainers, and industry employers in selecting the most effective training methods for confined space safety. Ultimately, the goal is to enhance workers' safety knowledge, mitigate job site hazards, and reduce accidents and injuries in hazardous confined space environments.
Date
11-17-2025
Recommended Citation
Mitchell, Albert H., "A Comparative Analysis Of Effectiveness Of Safety Training Modalities In Confined Spaces" (2025). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 6930.
https://repository.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/6930
Committee Chair
Aghazadeh, Fereydoun