Identifier

etd-04042006-144949

Degree

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Department

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Document Type

Dissertation

Abstract

In this new information age, high data rate and strong reliability features our wireless communication systems and is becoming the dominant factor for a successful deployment of commercial networks. MIMO-OFDM (multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), a new wireless broadband technology, has gained great popularity for its capability of high rate transmission and its robustness against multi-path fading and other channel impairments. A major challenge to MIMO-OFDM systems is how to obtain the channel state information accurately and promptly for coherent detection of information symbols and channel synchronization. In the first part, this dissertation formulates the channel estimation problem for MIMO-OFDM systems and proposes a pilot-tone based estimation algorithm. A complex equivalent base-band MIMO-OFDM signal model is presented by matrix representation. By choosing equally-spaced and equally-powered pilot tones from sub-carriers in one OFDM symbol, a down-sampled version of the original signal model is obtained. Furthermore, this signal model is transformed into a linear form solvable for the LS (least-square) estimation algorithm. Based on the resultant model, a simple pilot-tone design is proposed in the form of a unitary matrix, whose rows stand for different pilot-tone sets in the frequency domain and whose columns represent distinct transmit antennas in the spatial domain. From the analysis and synthesis of the pilot-tone design in this dissertation, our estimation algorithm can reduce the computational complexity inherited in MIMO systems by the fact that the pilot-tone matrix is essentially a unitary matrix, and is proven an optimal channel estimator in the sense of achieving the minimum MSE (mean squared error) of channel estimation for a fixed power of pilot tones. In the second part, this dissertation addresses the wireless location problem in WiMax (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) networks, which is mainly based on the MIMO-OFDM technology. From the measurement data of TDOA (time difference of arrival), AOA (angle of arrival) or a combination of those two, a quasi-linear form is formulated for an LS-type solution. It is assumed that the observation data is corrupted by a zero-mean AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) with a very small variance. Under this assumption, the noise term in the quasi-liner form is proved to hold a normal distribution approximately. Hence the ML (maximum-likelihood) estimation and the LS-type solution are equivalent. But the ML estimation technique is not feasible here due to its computational complexity and the possible nonexistence of the optimal solution. Our proposed method is capable of estimating the MS location very accurately with a much less amount of computations. A final result of the MS (mobile station) location estimation, however, cannot be obtained directly from the LS-type solution without bringing in another independent constraint. To solve this problem, the Lagrange multiplier is explored to find the optimal solution to the constrained LS-type optimization problem.

Date

2006

Document Availability at the Time of Submission

Release the entire work immediately for access worldwide.

Committee Chair

Guoxiang Gu

DOI

10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.2605

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