Insect herbivore responses to management practices in conifer forests in North America
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
12-1-2008
Abstract
Pine-dominated forests in southeastern North America and at low-to-mid elevations in western North America historically were characterized by frequent, low-intensity fire that maintained wide spacing of site-adapted tree species, conditions that optimized biochemical defenses of trees and dispersal distances of herbivorous insects. Mixed conifer forests at higher elevations were wetter, denser, and characterized by infrequent stand-replacing fire and relatively isolated insect outbreaks. Increased density and altered tree species composition in managed forests have increased forest vulnerability to extensive outbreaks of bark beetles and defoliators. Herbivore-generated tree mortality and litter accumulation increase the likelihood of catastrophic fire. Management practices that produce an appropriate mixture of site-adapted tree species and wide host spacing are recommended to minimize the negative effects of herbivorous insects and fire. However, the creation of stumps, as a result of mechanical thinning, can favor lower-bole and root-colonizing insects that also may vector root diseases. © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.
Publication Source (Journal or Book title)
Journal of Sustainable Forestry
First Page
204
Last Page
222
Recommended Citation
Schowalter, T. (2008). Insect herbivore responses to management practices in conifer forests in North America. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 26 (3), 204-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549810701879727