A Low-Power Differential Temperature Sensor with Chopped Cascode Transistors and Switched-Capacitor Integration

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-1-2025

Abstract

Embedded differential temperature sensors can be utilized to monitor the power consumption of circuits, taking advantage of the inherent on-chip electrothermal coupling. Potential applications range from hardware security to linearity, gain/bandwidth calibration, defect-oriented testing, and compensation for circuit aging effects. This paper introduces the use of on-chip differential temperature sensors as part of a wireless Internet of Things system. A new low-power differential temperature sensor circuit with chopped cascode transistors and switched-capacitor integration is described. This design approach leverages chopper stabilization in combination with a switched-capacitor integrator that acts as a low-pass filter such that the circuit provides offset and low-frequency noise mitigation. Simulation results of the proposed differential temperature sensor in a 65 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process show a sensitivity of (Formula presented.) within a linear range of (Formula presented.) and an integrated output noise of (Formula presented.) (from 1 to 441.7 Hz) with an overall power consumption of (Formula presented.). Considering a figure of merit that involves sensitivity, linear range, noise, and power, the new temperature sensor topology demonstrates a significant improvement compared to state-of-the-art differential temperature sensors for on-chip monitoring of power dissipation.

Publication Source (Journal or Book title)

Electronics Switzerland

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