Document Type

Article

Publication Date

10-1-2008

Abstract

This paper uses a microlevel data set from 49 countries to create a direct measure of corruption, which portrays the extent of bribery as revealed by individuals who live in those countries. In addition, it investigates the determinants of being asked for a bribe at the individual level. The results show that both personal and country characteristics determine the risk of exposure to bribery. Examples are gender, income, education, marital status, the city size, the country's unemployment rate, average education, and the strength of the institutions in the country. (JEL K4, D73 P16) © 2008 Western Economic Association International.

Publication Source (Journal or Book title)

Economic Inquiry

First Page

493

Last Page

510

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