Anisotropic characterization and finite element modeling of lithium-ion pouch cells under mechanical loading

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

9-1-2025

Abstract

The increasing demand for safe and efficient lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), driven by the growth of the electric vehicle market, has highlighted the need to address mechanical safety concerns, especially under crash conditions. This study investigates the anisotropic mechanical behavior and fracture characteristics of individual LIB components—anode, cathode, separator, and shell—through tensile tests conducted in multiple directions. By using the obtained experimental data, a layered finite element model of a pouch cell was developed to simulate an indentation test. This approach ensures a more accurate evaluation of the battery's mechanical response and failure mechanisms under external forces. Additionally, the effects of internal short circuits, thermal runaway, and the impact of aged versus fresh cells were assessed. Through a combination of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the materials and structural properties of the battery components were thoroughly analyzed. This study advances the understanding of the complex failure behavior of LIBs, contributing to the development of safer and more reliable battery systems.

Publication Source (Journal or Book title)

Journal of Energy Storage

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