Infrared Spectroscopy of Liquid Solutions as a Benchmarking Tool of Semiempirical QM Methods: The Case of GFN2-xTB

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

9-21-2023

Abstract

The accurate description of large molecular systems has triggered the development of new computational methods. Due to the computational cost of modeling large systems, the methods usually require a trade-off between accuracy and speed. Therefore, benchmarking to test the accuracy and precision of the method is an important step in their development. The typical gold standard for evaluating these methods is isolated molecules, because of the low computational cost. However, the advent of high-performance computing has made it possible to benchmark computational methods using observables from more complex systems such as liquid solutions. To this end, infrared spectroscopy provides a suitable set of observables (i.e., vibrational transitions) for liquid systems. Here, IR spectroscopy observables are used to benchmark the predictions of the newly developed GFN2-xTB semiempirical method. Three different IR probes (i.e., N-methylacetamide, benzonitrile, and semiheavy water) in solution are selected for this purpose. The work presented here shows that GFN2-xTB predicts central frequencies with errors of less than 10% in all probes. In addition, the method captures detailed properties of the molecular environment such as weak interactions. Finally, the GFN2-xTB correctly assesses the vibrational solvatochromism for N-methylacetamide and semiheavy water but does not have the accuracy needed to properly describe benzonitrile. Overall, the results indicate not only that GFN2-xTB can be used to predict the central frequencies and their dependence on the molecular environment with reasonable accuracy but also that IR spectroscopy data of liquid solutions provide a suitable set of observables for the benchmarking of computational methods.

Publication Source (Journal or Book title)

Journal of Physical Chemistry B

First Page

7955

Last Page

7963

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