Tests of general relativity with binary black holes from the second LIGO-Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalog

Authors

R. Abbott, California Institute of TechnologyFollow
T. D. Abbott, Louisiana State UniversityFollow
S. Abraham, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics IndiaFollow
F. Acernese, Università degli Studi di SalernoFollow
K. Ackley, Monash UniversityFollow
A. Adams, Christopher Newport UniversityFollow
C. Adams, LIGO LivingstonFollow
R. X. Adhikari, California Institute of TechnologyFollow
V. B. Adya, The Australian National UniversityFollow
C. Affeldt, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)Follow
M. Agathos, University of CambridgeFollow
K. Agatsuma, University of BirminghamFollow
N. Aggarwal, Northwestern UniversityFollow
O. D. Aguiar, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas EspaciaisFollow
L. Aiello, Gran Sasso Science InstituteFollow
A. Ain, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di PisaFollow
P. Ajith, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, MumbaiFollow
S. Akcay, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
G. Allen, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignFollow
A. Allocca, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di PisaFollow
P. A. Altin, The Australian National UniversityFollow
A. Amato, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Follow
S. Anand, California Institute of TechnologyFollow
A. Ananyeva, California Institute of TechnologyFollow
S. B. Anderson, California Institute of TechnologyFollow
W. G. Anderson, University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeFollow
S. V. Angelova, University of Strathclyde
S. Ansoldi, Università degli Studi di Udine
J. M. Antelis, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott
S. Antier, Université de Paris
S. Appert, California Institute of Technology
K. Arai, California Institute of Technology
M. C. Araya, California Institute of Technology

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-15-2021

Abstract

Gravitational waves enable tests of general relativity in the highly dynamical and strong-field regime. Using events detected by LIGO-Virgo up to 1 October 2019, we evaluate the consistency of the data with predictions from the theory. We first establish that residuals from the best-fit waveform are consistent with detector noise, and that the low- and high-frequency parts of the signals are in agreement. We then consider parametrized modifications to the waveform by varying post-Newtonian and phenomenological coefficients, improving past constraints by factors of ∼2; we also find consistency with Kerr black holes when we specifically target signatures of the spin-induced quadrupole moment. Looking for gravitational-wave dispersion, we tighten constraints on Lorentz-violating coefficients by a factor of ∼2.6 and bound the mass of the graviton to mg≤1.76×10-23 eV/c2 with 90% credibility. We also analyze the properties of the merger remnants by measuring ringdown frequencies and damping times, constraining fractional deviations away from the Kerr frequency to δf^220=0.03-0.35+0.38 for the fundamental quadrupolar mode, and δf^221=0.04-0.32+0.27 for the first overtone; additionally, we find no evidence for postmerger echoes. Finally, we determine that our data are consistent with tensorial polarizations through a template-independent method. When possible, we assess the validity of general relativity based on collections of events analyzed jointly. We find no evidence for new physics beyond general relativity, for black hole mimickers, or for any unaccounted systematics.

Publication Source (Journal or Book title)

Physical Review D

Recommended Citation

Abbott, R., Abbott, T., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, A., Adams, C., Adhikari, R., Adya, V., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akcay, S., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P., Amato, A., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S., Anderson, W., Angelova, S., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., & Araya, M. (2021). Tests of general relativity with binary black holes from the second LIGO-Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalog. Physical Review D, 103 (12) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.122002