Changes in mood and health-related quality of life in Look AHEAD 6 years after termination of the lifestyle intervention

Thomas A. Wadden, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
Ariana M. Chao, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing
Harelda Anderson, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Kirsten Annis, The Warren Alpert Medical School
Karen Atkinson, University of Washington School of Medicine
Paula Bolin, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Phillip Brantley, Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Jeanne M. Clark, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Mace Coday, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Gareth Dutton, Heersink School of Medicine
John P. Foreyt, Baylor College of Medicine
Edward W. Gregg, Imperial College London
Helen P. Hazuda, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
James O. Hill, Heersink School of Medicine
Van S. Hubbard, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
John M. Jakicic, University of Pittsburgh
Robert W. Jeffery, School of Public Health
Karen C. Johnson, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Steven E. Kahn, University of Washington School of Medicine
William C. Knowler, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Mary Korytkowski, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Cora E. Lewis, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health
Blandine Laferrère, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
Roeland J. Middelbeek, Joslin Diabetes Center
Medha N. Munshi, Joslin Diabetes Center
David M. Nathan, Harvard Medical School
Rebecca H. Neiberg, Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Scott J. Pilla, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Anne Peters, Keck School of Medicine of USC
Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
Jack W. Rejeski, Wake Forest University
Bruce Redmon, University of Minnesota Medical School
Tiffany Stewart, Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Elizabeth Vaughan, Baylor College of Medicine

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

8-1-2021

Abstract

Objective: The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study previously reported that intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) reduced incident depressive symptoms and improved health-related quality of life (HRQOL) over nearly 10 years of intervention compared with a control group (the diabetes support and education group [DSE]) in participants with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. The present study compared incident depressive symptoms and changes in HRQOL in these groups for an additional 6 years following termination of the ILI in September 2012. Methods: A total of 1,945 ILI participants and 1,900 DSE participants completed at least one of four planned postintervention assessments at which weight, mood (via the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), antidepressant medication use, and HRQOL (via the Medical Outcomes Scale, Short Form-36) were measured. Results: ILI participants and DSE participants lost 3.1 (0.3) and 3.8 (0.3) kg [represented as mean (SE); p = 0.10], respectively, during the 6-year postintervention follow-up. No significant differences were observed between groups during this time in incident mild or greater symptoms of depression, antidepressant medication use, or in changes on the physical component summary or mental component summary scores of the Short Form-36. In both groups, mental component summary scores were higher than physical component summary scores. Conclusions: Prior participation in the ILI, compared with the DSE group, did not appear to improve subsequent mood or HRQOL during 6 years of postintervention follow-up.

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