Semester of Graduation

Summer 2025

Degree

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering (MSME)

Department

Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering

Document Type

Thesis

Abstract

Helmets have been used for centuries to mitigate head injuries, evolving with advancements in materials and design. They are critical in athletics, construction, and military applications, where shock and vibration isolation play a key role in head protection. Helmet performance is currently rated using the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and Helmet Performance Score (HPS) metrics. HIC is a metric used in sports and automotive industries which focuses on the probability of injury occurring due to the magnitude and duration of linear acceleration of the head [1]. The HPS metric was created by using a linear combination of HIC and a third metric known as the Diffuse Axonal Multi-Axis General Evaluation (DAMAGE) [2]. Prior research found that including rotational accelerations with linear accelerations could improve the HPS by 48% or more [3]. From this research, it was theorized that a form of shock absorption technology with specific stiffness and damping mechanical properties would significantly enhance football helmet performance. Various materials, manufacturing methods, and structural designs were tested to achieve the target mechanical properties. The finalized shock absorbers were then integrated into a prototype helmet featuring carbon fiber helmet shells, 3D-printed fasteners, and pre-existing helmet components. The prototype is pending evaluation using NFL-standard testing protocols to be compared to current helmets. While in early development, this research highlights the potential for substantial advancements in helmet safety, offering what could be a promising approach to reducing head injuries in sports and beyond.

Date

5-24-2025

Committee Chair

Hunter, Gilbert

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